YES (Schiller):
- Schiller argues that mass media institutions are key elements of the modern capitalistic world order
- Media produces economic profit and the ideology necessary to sustain a world system of exploitative divisions of social and financial resources
NO (Carey):
- Communication is not simply a process of sending messages as the transmission model would suggest
- Communication is a symbolic process which is inherently linked to culture and our lives
- The critical/cultural perspective is advocated by Schiller, the ritual view of communication by Carey
- Schiller outlines the five myths that structure media content and manipulate consciousness
- These myths function to produce the status quo and maintain existing social power structures
- Mass communication scholars are concerned that the power of the media to shape attitude and opinions, paired with inevitably result in a recreation of current power structures, which inequitably divide social resources
- Carey defines communication as a "symbolic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, repaired, and transformed"
- Ritual models see communication a directed toward the maintenance of society in time and the representation of shared beliefs
- Many people do not consider the media as having an observable impact on them or on those around them
- Schiller was a powerful proponent of the theory that media is structured by the economic conditions under which it operates
- Carey argues that commitment to the transmission model of communication has inevitably focused our attention on issues of power, administration, and control
- The ritual view of communication turns our attention to aesthetics, religion, values, and intellect
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